Harmonics Solutions
TCIPL provides end-to-end consulting and solutions to contain Harmonics in electrical systems which arise due to the presence and installation of non-linear electronic devices in the system. The team has a clear understanding of the requirements of the CEA and identifies and recommends solutions to bring in Harmonics within levels as stipulated by the Electricity Boards. A dedicated team with a deep understanding of the subject works closely with customers to carry out studies related to harmonics at their sites and provide customized cost-effective solutions through the use of Passive or Active Harmonic Filters.
What causes Harmonics?
Loads can be broadly categorized into linear and non-linear loads. When the load draws a sinusoidal current at the same frequency as the voltage it is classified as linear load. Examples of linear loads are resistive heaters, incandescent lamps, and constant speed induction and synchronous motors.
Some loads cause the current to vary disproportionately with the voltage during each cyclic period. These are classified as nonlinear loads, and the current taken by them has a nonsinusoidal waveform. Current harmonics are caused by non-linear loads. Examples of non-linear loads include common office equipment such as computers and printers, Fluorescent lighting, SMPS, battery chargers and also variable-speed drives.
What are the industries effected by Harmonics?
In the past, non-linear loads were primarily found in heavy industrial applications such as arc furnaces, large variable frequency drives (VFD), heavy rectifiers for electrolytic refining, etc.
Harmonic problems are now common in not only industrial applications but in commercial buildings as well. This is due primarily to new power conversion technologies, such as the Switch-mode Power Supply (SMPS), which can be found in virtually every power electronic device (computers, servers, monitors, printers, photocopiers, telecom systems, broadcasting equipment, banking machines, etc.).
What are the effects of Harmonics in the system?
- Overheating of electrical distribution equipment, such as cables, transformers, standby generators, etc.
- Overheating of rotating equipment, such as electric motors
- High voltages and circulating currents caused by harmonic resonance
- Equipment malfunctions due to excessive voltage distortion
- Increased internal losses in connected equipment resulting in component failure and shortened lifespan
- False operation of protection equipment
- Metering errors
- Lower system power factor preventing effective utilization
- Voltage regulator problems on diesel generators
- Inability of automatic transfer switches to operate in closed transition
- Harmonics overheat equipment by several means. For example, in electric machines and transformers, harmonic currents cause additional power losses by (i) increasing the eddy currents that flow in their laminated cores, (ii) through increased leakage currents across insulation and (iii) by producing skin effect in conductors.